Maginito afika patali kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yaunyamata wanu pamene munathera maola ambiri mukukonza maginito a zilembo zapulasitiki zonyezimira pa chitseko cha furiji cha amayi anu.Maginito amasiku ano ndi amphamvu kuposa kale ndipo kusiyanasiyana kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.
Maginito osowa padziko lapansi ndi a ceramic - makamaka maginito akuluakulu osowa padziko lapansi - asintha mafakitale ndi mabizinesi ambiri pokulitsa kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu kapena kupanga zomwe zilipo kale kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.Ngakhale eni mabizinesi ambiri akudziwa maginitowa, kumvetsetsa zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osiyana kungakhale kosokoneza.Nayi tsatanetsatane wachangu wa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya maginito, komanso chidule cha ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo:
Rare Earth
Maginito amphamvu kwambiriwa akhoza kupangidwa ndi neodymium kapena samarium, onse omwe ali m'gulu la lanthanide.Samarium idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba m'ma 1970, ndi maginito a neodymium omwe adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma 1980s.Neodymium ndi samarium ndi maginito amphamvu osowa padziko lapansi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikiza ma turbine amphamvu kwambiri ndi ma jenereta komanso ntchito zasayansi.
Neodymium
Nthawi zina amatchedwa maginito a NdFeB pazinthu zomwe zili - neodymium, iron ndi boron, kapena maginito a NIB - neodymium ndiye maginito amphamvu kwambiri omwe amapezeka.Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri (BHmax) ya maginito awa, yomwe imayimira mphamvu yayikulu, imatha kukhala yoposa 50MGOe.
BHmax yapamwamba kwambiri - pafupifupi nthawi za 10 kuposa maginito a ceramic - amawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamu ena, koma pali tradeoff: neodymium imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kupsinjika kwa kutentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ikadutsa kutentha kwina, idzataya mphamvu zake. kugwira ntchito.Tmax ya maginito a neodymium ndi 150 digiri Celsius, pafupifupi theka la samarium cobalt kapena ceramic.(Dziwani kuti kutentha kwenikweni komwe maginito amataya mphamvu akakumana ndi kutentha kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera aloyi.)
Maginito amathanso kufananizidwa kutengera Tcurie yawo.Maginito akatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa Tmax, nthawi zambiri amatha kuchira atakhazikika;Tcurie ndi kutentha komwe sikungatheke kuchira.Kwa maginito a neodymium, Tcurie ndi madigiri 310 Celsius;maginito a neodymium omwe atenthedwa kufika kapena kupitirira kutentha kumeneko sangathe kuyambiranso kugwira ntchito atazirala.Maginito onse a samarium ndi ceramic ali ndi ma Tcuries apamwamba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwinoko pamagwiritsidwe ntchito otentha kwambiri.
Maginito a Neodymium amalimbana kwambiri ndi maginito akunja, koma amakonda kuchita dzimbiri ndipo maginito ambiri amakutidwa kuti atetezeke ku dzimbiri.
Samarium Cobalt
Samarium cobalt, kapena SaCo, maginito anayamba kupezeka mu 1970s, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ntchito.Ngakhale kuti si amphamvu ngati maginito a neodymium - maginito a samarium cobalt amakhala ndi BHmax pafupifupi 26 - maginitowa ali ndi mwayi wokhoza kupirira kutentha kwambiri kuposa maginito a neodymium.Tmax ya samarium cobalt maginito ndi 300 digiri Celsius, ndipo Tcurie imatha kufika madigiri 750 Celsius.Mphamvu zawo zofananira pamodzi ndi kuthekera kwawo kupirira kutentha kwambiri zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ntchito zotentha kwambiri.Mosiyana ndi maginito a neodymium, maginito a cobalt samarium ali ndi kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri;amakhalanso ndi mtengo wapamwamba kuposa maginito a neodymium.
Ceramic
Opangidwa ndi barium ferrite kapena strontium, maginito a ceramic akhalapo nthawi yayitali kuposa maginito osowa padziko lapansi ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba m'ma 1960.Maginito a Ceramic nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo kuposa maginito osowa padziko lapansi koma sakhala amphamvu ngati BHmax wamba pafupifupi 3.5 - pafupifupi chakhumi kapena kuchepera kuposa maginito a neodymium kapena samarium cobalt.
Ponena za kutentha, maginito a ceramic ali ndi Tmax ya 300 digiri Celsius ndipo, monga maginito a samarium, Tcurie ya 460 digiri Celsius.Maginito a Ceramic amalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna zokutira zoteteza.Ndiosavuta kupanga maginito komanso ndi otsika mtengo kuposa maginito a neodymium kapena samarium cobalt;Komabe, maginito a ceramic ndi olimba kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho cholakwika pamapulogalamu okhudzana ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kapena kupsinjika.Maginito a Ceramic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powonetsera m'kalasi komanso ntchito zamafakitale ndi mabizinesi opanda mphamvu, monga ma jenereta otsika kapena ma turbines.Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga nyumba komanso kupanga mapepala a maginito ndi zikwangwani.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-09-2022
